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Freshwater wetlands as a biogeochemical archive: Temporal changes in climate and environmental records
Zemanová, Leona ; Novák, Martin (advisor) ; Mihaljevič, Martin (referee) ; Hojdová, Marie (referee)
Worldwide, peatlands cover an area of 4.106 km2 . Plant primary production dominated over organic matter decomposition and enabled organic matter to accumulate during the last 11 000 years. Peatlands represent a reservoir of atmospheric carbon and they are a useful scientific tool for reconstructions of historical atmospheric pollution. The first part of the thesis focuses on peatlands as a dynamic carbon reservoir under predicted climate change that would influence carbon cycling and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Three methodological approaches were used - a mesocosm laboratory incubation, a transplant experiment and in situ gas flux measurements. The laboratory incubation studied the response of peat samples from temperate (Velké Dářko, Czech Republic) and boreal (Stor Åmyran, Sweden) zone to a temperature increase, water table decrease and their combination. Today, the warmer site exhibits ~14 times higher CH4 production potential than the colder site (28 mg m-2 hr-1 at VD, and 2 mg m-2 hr-1 at SA). Both sites respond differently to temperature increases. Changes in methane production were up to 9 fold due to different temperatures. A gradual decrease of water table level from 2 to 14 cm below the peat surface had a much stronger effect, VD exhibited a decrease in methane...
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Freshwater wetlands as a biogeochemical archive: Temporal changes in climate and environmental records
Zemanová, Leona ; Novák, Martin (advisor) ; Mihaljevič, Martin (referee) ; Hojdová, Marie (referee)
Worldwide, peatlands cover an area of 4.106 km2 . Plant primary production dominated over organic matter decomposition and enabled organic matter to accumulate during the last 11 000 years. Peatlands represent a reservoir of atmospheric carbon and they are a useful scientific tool for reconstructions of historical atmospheric pollution. The first part of the thesis focuses on peatlands as a dynamic carbon reservoir under predicted climate change that would influence carbon cycling and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Three methodological approaches were used - a mesocosm laboratory incubation, a transplant experiment and in situ gas flux measurements. The laboratory incubation studied the response of peat samples from temperate (Velké Dářko, Czech Republic) and boreal (Stor Åmyran, Sweden) zone to a temperature increase, water table decrease and their combination. Today, the warmer site exhibits ~14 times higher CH4 production potential than the colder site (28 mg m-2 hr-1 at VD, and 2 mg m-2 hr-1 at SA). Both sites respond differently to temperature increases. Changes in methane production were up to 9 fold due to different temperatures. A gradual decrease of water table level from 2 to 14 cm below the peat surface had a much stronger effect, VD exhibited a decrease in methane...
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History and present of peat extraction on the area Borkovická blata
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Monika
In the general section of this thesis are shortly characterized fossil fuel, peat bogs and peat, process of their origin, their types and importance. Another important part of this work is the extraction of peat, its trend, subsequent restoration and environmental problem of the peat extraction. The main part is the characteristic of the area Borkovická blata, mapping out mining process in the area and the present condition. Furthermore, there is shortly characterized the company Rašelina, a. s., which extracted in Borkovická blata peat for a long time and is still engaged in the extraction and processing of peat.
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Effect of management on the vegetation and the species diversity of vascular plants and bryophytes of the Bohemian Forest{\crq}s fen meadows
VELEHRADSKÁ, Tereza
Effect of management on the vegetation, the species composition and the species diversity of vascular plants and bryophytes of fen meadows was studied. Relevés (4x4m2) were sampled at seven mown sites and at seven unmown sites across the Bohemian Forest and foothills of Bohemian Forest during the summer season of 2009. General linear models and methods of direct and indirect gradient analysis were used for evaluation of species data. The influence of management on differences in species composision of vascular plants and bryophytes was significant. The management had significant effect on the number of species of vascular plants, the number of Sphagnum species and the cover of Sphagnum species. The significant impact of management on the species diversity, the percentage share of rare species and the number of species and cover of all bryophytes was not found.
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